Seyyed khalil hosseinihashemi, a, ayoub eshghi, a nadir ayrilmis, b and habibollah khademieslam c the main objective of this research was to study the potential uses of almond shell flour asf in the production of thermoplastic composites containing. Characterization and electrokinetic properties of montmorillonite. Dispersion characteristics of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and illite clays in waters of varying quality, and their control with phosphate disperse nts by b. Introduction it is well known that montmorillonite forms inter calated compounds with various organic and inorganic compounds. Dispersion characteristics of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and. Xray diffraction patterns for the nanocomposites as a function of mmt concentration. Comparative analysis on chemical composition of bentonite. The effects of mmt on the thermal properties of the blended composites were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis tga, morphological characterization, scanning electron microscopy sem, and xray diffraction xrd. Due to its special properties, bentonite is a versatile material for geotechnical engineering and. The minerals are for all types of agriculture, hydroponics, biodynamic farming and composting systems. Thermoxrdanalysis of montmorillonite treated with 1,4. The mineral montmorillonite belongs to the smectite mineral group, in which all members have an articulated layer structure and swelling.
Low angle scattering, montmorillonite, water, xray diffraction. This model of disorder is useful for the quantitative phase analysis by xray powder diffraction based on the rietveld method, which can now benefit from a more reliable initial structure model for camontmorillonite and which will improve the accuracy of the weightfraction estimates. However the software can not find the reference montmorillonite syn. For the analysis of structure emulsion, mean layer spacing, d, was calculated on the. Figure 2 shows a sample of montmorillonite after being altered by m.
Dispersion characteristics of montmorillonite, kaolinite. An approach to quantitative interpretation of xrd patterns of. Xrd analysis of small peptide montmorillonite clay complexes produced profiles consisting. Mechanical, thermal, and microstructural analysis of. In connection with every method, recommendations are. Thermogravimetric analysis tga was performed to investigate the effects of mmt concentration, micro, and nanostructures on the thermal degradation of the nanocomposites. Preparation and characterization of novel montmorillonite. The xrd results enabled validation of the purification process of the studied clays. An approach to quantitative interpretation of xrd patterns. Exfoliation and intercalation of montmorillonite by small. The diffractograms were automatically matched with jcpdscards in the computerized xrd cdrom.
Montmorillonite minerals fine ground minerals mined from a rare natural deposit of montmorillonite clay replenish soil with essential nutrients. Two series of dyeclay complexes were prepared by using clay suspensions of 0. Pdf quantitative xrd analysis of the structural changes. Xrd based quantitative analysis of clay minerals using reference intensity ratios, mineral intensity factors, rietveld, and full pattern summation methods. Fesem hitachi su8020 was conducted with the acceleration voltage of 1. Xrd analysis of small peptidemontmorillonite clay complexes produced profiles consisting. The primary ion in the exchangeable position is sodium and the cation exchange capacity of mt is 1. Xrd of wet specimen source of interesting information fig. Nontronite and montmorillonite as nutrient sources for. The powder diffraction patterns of the bentonite in an airdried condition, an ethylene glycol. Specimens for xrd analysis were oriented on a substrate in order to delineate the basal spacing of the clay in the composite. The structural changes along the c axis, of the baexchanged montmorillonite swy2ba, under variable relative humidity % rh, is investigated. We found the montmorillonite k10 plate width was 34. Fwhm values of 001 reflections of montmorillonite, chlorite, illite and kaolinite minerals in ethylene glycolated diffractograms obtained from 40 separate clay analysis have been measured.
Nontronite and montmorillonite as nutrient sources for life on mars. The bright, fluffy texture is chemically similar to the montmorillonite from the negative control group. This peak is absent from the xray patterns of montmorillonite films containing racemic cations. The nature of disorder in montmorillonite by simulation of x. Clay mineral is an important material available in nature. Montmorillonite clay health benefits, uses in pet food.
In addition, we calculated the crystallite size using the xrd data and scherrers formula. Semeds analysis showed microscale textural changes in montmorillonite with m. An approach to quantitative interpretation of xrd patterns of clay mixtures using clay mineral society clays and their fwhm in the glycolated difractograms dogan alaygut1, bora canga1, 1turkish petroleum corporation, research center, ankara, turkey in this experimental study composite shale mixture composed of montmorillonite saz. Intercalation of methylene blue into montmorillonite at. Montmorillonite is the principal clay mineral in fullers earth, but other minerals such as kaolinite, attapulgite, and palygorskite also occur and account for its variable chemical composition. Investigation of montmorillonite hydration properties by. The xrd was operated at 40 kv and 100 ma in a step scan mode. The swy2montmorillonite and surfactant montmorillonite hybrids were pressed in stainless steel sample holders.
Phyllosilicates or sheet silicates, are a group of minerals that include the micas, chlorite, serpentine, talc, and the clay minerals. Montmorillonite, quartz, smectite, illite, anorthite. Montmorillonite treatment and processing conditions on material properties. Studies of montmorillonite mechanochemically decomposed at. Characterization of bentonite by xrd and semeds and use to. Xrd measurements all experimental xrd patterns were recorded from the oriented preparations of the airdried homoionic sample swy2ba, using a brucker d8 advance xray diffractometer bruker axs gmbh, karlsruhe, germany at 40 kv and 20 ma cuk monochromatic radiation, cuk 1. Ftir spectra were obtained using a spectrometer nicolet. Preparation and characterization of montmorillonite. Studies of montmorillonite mechanochemically decomposed at different water contents. Influence of layer charge and charge location eric ferrage, bruno lanson, boris. The xray diffraction patterns of emulsion na12, a mixture of 12 g of na montmorillonite and 20 g of water, are shown in figure 5.
In terms of color and appearance, montmorillonite appears dull, and it is a massive mineral, which is usually white, but at times pink, grey or tinted with yellow or green. Minerals free fulltext quantitative xrd analysis of. Wideangle xray diffraction xrd data were collected in digital form using a rigaku geigerflex powder diffractometer with a dmaxb controller and a vertical goniometer. Charcoals formed during the thermoxrdanalysis of montmorillonite mont complexes with the dye 1,4diaminoanthraquinone daaq were investigated by using curvefitting calculations. Center for diffraction datainorganic crystal structure database pdf 2. Comparative analysis on chemical composition of bentonite clays. Xrdbased quantitative analysis of clay minerals using. Thermal analysis and morphological characterization of. Xrd and atrftir investigations of various montmorillonite. Xrdbased quantitative analysis of clay minerals using reference intensity ratios, mineral intensity factors, rietveld, and full pattern summation methods. Minerals free fulltext quantitative xrd analysis of the.
Characterization of locally available montmorillonite clay. This size is smaller than the particle size of montmorillonite, according to sem figure 3 a. Experimental study of montmorillonite structure and transformation of its properties under treatment with inorganic acid solutions victoria v. Characterization of montmorillonite clay xrd, xrf, n 2bet, sem and ftir analysis. In this study, the effect of peptide storage in montmorillonite and the thermal stability of peptideclay complexes was examined through characterization by xray diffraction xrd, electron microscopy, uv absorption, and thermogravimetric analysis tga. The xray diffraction xrd study was performed using a powder diffractometer philips, united kingdom cuk.
Quantitative xrd analysis of the structural changes of ba. Significant development in the use and application of montmorillonite is seen in recent time. Mcqueen abstract this study is concerned with the dispersion characteristics of. The breadth and position of the basal xray diffraction maxima were analyzed for nine montmorillonites and. Xray powder diffraction xrd is a rapid analytical technique primarily used for phase identification of a crystalline material and can provide information on unit cell dimensions.
Mcqueen shorter contributions to general geology geological survey professional paper 334g prepared in cooperation with colorado state university. Xray diffraction patterns of aqueous emulsions of na montmorillonite in highangle region. Structural and thermal properties of montmorilloniteionic. Investigation of dioctahedral smectite hydration properties by modeling of xray diffraction profiles. Consideration is given to the dehydration, dehydroxylation, amorphization and rehydration of montmorillonite 42 references.
Xrd, ftir, icpaes, tem, nitrogen adsorption, and particle size analysis. Effect of the hydration sequence orientation on the structural properties of hg exchanged montmorillonite. Though similar in appearance to clay, fullers earth differs by being more finegrained and by having a higher additional information. The bragg angular zone was explored by xray diffraction xrd at gbc emma enhanced mini material analyzer, 40 kv and 40 ma, cu k.
With an increasing understanding of clay structure, montmorillonite is realized viable for an enhanced performance in a variety of materials and products in the areas of catalysis, food additive, antibacterial function, polymer, sorbent, etc. Pdf the structural changes along the c axis, of the baexchanged montmorillonite swy2ba, under variable relative humidity % rh. The samples included those containing 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, and 100 vol. The xrd pattern of the montmorillonite is shown in figure 1 and the crystallographic parameters are evaluated by measuring the 001 and 080 peaks. Relative response ratios of the other clay components with respect. The elemental, mineralogical, ir, dta and xrd analyses. Rossnson, department of geology, state jniaersity of new york at binghamton, binghnmton, new york 901 abstract. Characterization of bentonite by xrd and semeds and use. Transmission electron microscopy tem and xray diffraction xrd were performed to investigate the clay dispersion, micro, and nanostructure of the nanocomposites. In this regard, the arrangement, amount and position of both exchangeable cation and the water molecules in the interlamellar space is, are evaluated.
Montmorillonite mmt is a layered silicate clay which belongs to the. The xrd data showed that the relative intercalation of the composites with 2. The additional colors depend on the concentration of the minerals that the clay is made up of. According to tests on clay mineral mixtures, quantitative determinations of kaolinite, smectite and illite in relatively complex systems were found to be accurate with. Xrd and atrftir investigations of various montmorillonite clays modified by monocationic and dicationic imidazolium ionic liquids. Composite materials were characterized with xray diffraction xrd, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy sem, gas permeability, cone calorimetry, vicat softening temperature vst, thermogravimetric analysis tga and determination of. In the spectral regions 38002600 and 18000 cm1, the study of different intensity ratios of peaks assigned to the o h bending and stretching modes displayed the specific vibrational behavior of swy3 which is certainly influenced by a greater proportion. This model of disorder is useful for the quantitative phase analysis by xray powder diffraction based on the rietveld method, which can now benefit from a more reliable initial structure model for ca montmorillonite and which will improve the accuracy of the weightfraction estimates.
Xrdbased quantitative analysis of clay minerals using reference. In connection with every method, recommendations are given for mineralogical research ofbentonites. Thermal analysis and morphological characterization of thermoplastic composites filled with almond shell flourmontmorillonite. Montmorillonite, a phyllosilicate, is a soft type of mineral that exists in small crystals which accumulate to form clay. Mt, the original materials supplied by sanding company, consists of a lot of mt and a small amount of quartz, according to powder xray diffraction xrd analysis shown in figure 2. Product analysis this naturally occurring soil additive contains 70 trace mineral elements essential to crop nutrition and growth.
The antibacterial effects of the clay are also well established. Pdf quantitative xrd analysis of the structural changes of ba. Fragments of the xray diffraction patterns of natural and treated montmorillonites. Independent laboratory studies have also concluded that. The quantitative description of smectite hydration, based on the relative. Article quantitative xrd analysis of the structural changes of baexchanged montmorillonite. The nature of disorder in montmorillonite by simulation of. The analyzed material is finely ground, homogenized, and average bulk composition is determined. The instrument uses radiation from a copper target tube cu kr radiation i 1. The peaks marked as montmorillonite are indicative of 2. Studies of montmorillonite mechanochemically decomposed.
Xray diffraction analyses the mineralogy of clays was determined using xray powder diffraction philips diffractometer with pw1710 control unit operating at 40 kv and 30 ma using the nifiltered cu k. Dispersion characteristics of montmorillonite, kaolinite, and hike clays in waters of varying quality, and their control with phosphate dispersants by b. Introduction clays are collectively called aluminosilicates, they contain aluminium oxide and silicon dioxide as universal minerals. Spektrum xrd of bentonit pauh the above xrd spectra showed that bentonite jambi area is a mixture of several minerals, such as.
Interpretations of chemical analyses are based on knowledge of the crystal lattice of montmorillonite and related minerals. Xray diffraction spectrum of several ty pes of bentonite area of jambi fig. Xray diffraction aspects of montmorillonites roonev tbrrbnnonsr, department ol geology and mineralogy, the ohio state jniuersitv. Quantitative xrd analysis of the structural changes of baexchanged montmorillonite. Mineralogy, structures, differential thermal analysis, chemical composition, xray diffraction, kaolinite, diagenesis, smectite 1. This aim is achieved using the xray diffraction xrd profile modeling approach that consists.
Aug, 2019 xray diffraction xrd the crystal structure of the k10 powder and mmt k10 samples modified by an ionic liquid was investigated by xray diffraction in the angle range of 2. Hh according to greenwood 1970 and ionic radii after zeman 1966. Experimental study of montmorillonite structure and. Five saturated dye solutions were prepared i in distilled water and iiv in 0. This observation is an example of xray wave interference roentgenstrahlinterferenzen, commonly known as xray diffraction xrd, and was direct evidence for the periodic atomic structure of crystals postulated for several centuries. Characterization of locally available montmorillonite clay using ftir technique s. Abstractxray diffraction patterns of oriented films of montmorillonite containing enantiomeric tris2,2 bipyridyl rutheniumii chloride rubpy22 show a peak corresponding to basal spacings of approxi mately 27. Preparation and characterization of novel montmorillonite nanocomposites rola mansa. This lattice is of a layer type in which silicon and aluminum ions have tetrahedral coordination with respect to oxygen.
Since xray diffraction analysis is concerned primarily with structural aspects of clay minerals, it is clear that the method is most suited to the recognition. As halloysite, it may be a biomineral formed by the action of lichens e. Bentonite montmorillonite clay analysis all analysis performedon this mineral demonstrates that this pristine natural clay, rich in trace minerals, has primary anions of magnesium, calcium and potassium. Differential thermal analysis of montmorillonite springerlink. Nontronite and montmorillonite as nutrient sources for life. Alternative methods of studying the structure of montmorillonite are principally a analysis of 001 xray reflec. The montmorillonites character acts as a powerful adsorptive for heavy metals, toxins, and other hazardous soil chemicals.
1245 1140 422 767 867 425 775 1343 286 428 1241 1072 1039 1364 665 1240 652 1275 704 714 290 86 1159 265 1410 649 1476 1153 727 1166 1173 126 215 866 451 716 906 1342 308 941 1039 1088